Blog

Understand AES-256 encryption — its history, key sizes, modes of operation (GCM, CBC, CTR), and how to implement it securely in the browser, Python, and OpenSSL.

How BIP39 seed phrases work under the hood — entropy generation, checksum validation, PBKDF2 key stretching, BIP32/BIP44 derivation paths, multi-chain address generation, and security best practices.

How CSRs work under the hood — PKCS#10 ASN.1 structure, RSA vs ECDSA key selection, SAN configuration, PEM vs DER formats, ACME automation, CA/Browser Forum requirements, and step-by-step generation with OpenSSL and browser Web Crypto.

Learn how cryptographic keys are generated, stored, rotated, distributed, and destroyed — the full lifecycle that keeps encryption secure in real-world systems, from TLS to password managers.

Understand elliptic curve cryptography — how ECC works, common curves (P-256, Ed25519, secp256k1), ECDSA signatures, ECDH key exchange, and when to choose ECC over RSA.

Understand HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) — how it works internally, why it is more than hash(key + message), how to implement it securely, and when to use HMAC-SHA256 vs HMAC-SHA512.

Understand digital signatures — how RSA, ECDSA, and Ed25519 work, when to use each, and how post-quantum ML-DSA changes the landscape. Includes code examples and real-world applications.

Understand how TLS (Transport Layer Security) combines symmetric encryption, asymmetric key exchange, and hash functions to protect every website visit, API call, and message you send online.

Understand JSON Web Tokens (JWT) — how signing works with HS256, RS256, ES256, and EdDSA, common attacks (alg:none, key confusion), and best practices for secure implementation.

Understand post-quantum cryptography — how ML-KEM (Kyber), ML-DSA (Dilithium), SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+), and FN-DSA (FALCON) work, why quantum computers threaten RSA/ECC, and how to migrate with hybrid mode.

Understand RSA-2048 encryption — how the algorithm works, key sizes, padding schemes (OAEP vs PKCS#1 v1.5), and practical implementation in browsers, Python, and OpenSSL.

Compare SHA-256 and SHA-512 hash functions — output size, performance, security level, and when to choose each. Includes code examples for browsers, Python, and OpenSSL.

A comprehensive comparison of symmetric and asymmetric encryption — covering algorithms, performance, security properties, hybrid designs, and real-world protocols like TLS, PGP, and Signal.

Introducing the CryptKit blog — your resource for cryptography guides, security best practices, and practical tutorials for developers.